Este artigo é fruto da pesquisa intitulada “O processo de encaminhamento e acolhimento no Asilo de Expostos da Santa Casa de Misericórdia da Bahia: um estudo sobre as origens dos enjeitados e as causas do abandono dos órfãos (1889- 1927).” Dentre os autores que fundamentam a presente pesquisa, destacamos Moncorvo Filho, Russel-Wood, Rizzini, Marcílio, estes autores comentam sobre momentos e pessoas ímpares relacionados à história da infância. O objetivo é analisar aspectos da história da assistência à infância no Brasil, a (...) partir da perspectiva de um dos médicos higienistas que mais se dedicou ao estudo da infância – Carlos Artur Moncorvo Filho (1871-1944). A fonte utilizada é o livro Histórico à Infancia no Brasil (1500-1922), publicado no ano de 1926. Considerado precursor das políticas de proteção à infância no Brasil, durante sua longa carreira como médico, iniciada na década de 1880, Carlos Artur Moncorvo Filho (1871-1944) publicou quase 400 obras em defesa da infância que lhe valeram reconhecimento internacional. Essa análise busca, basicamente, expor parte da narrativa do Dr. Carlos Artur Moncorvo Filho que já havia, então, publicado Higiene Infantil, em 1917, e Formulário de Doenças das Creanças, em 1923, considerados como obras de referência para a história da pediatria no Brasil. (shrink)

Tendo como base a produção poética de Walther von der Vogelweide, o presente artigo discute a representação da temática política nas cantigas do trovador alemão. Para tanto, propomos um diálogo entre Literatura e História, mais especificamente, entre as cantigas de Walther e a da Questão das Investiduras.

This study aimed to evaluate the food production and then act to increase the quality and security of a service, in order to meet the requirements for qualification HAPPC, using good manufacturing procedures as starting point for implementation. It is characterized as an intervention study, emphasizing the quality of foods and the use of good manufacturing procedures at the foodservice and nutrition units, located in Botucatu-SP. It was composed of 2 moments. In the first, we applied a check-list for ascertainment (...) of non-conformity and in the second moment a training “in loco” was given for the collaborators. The lack of hygienic cleaning of hands is seen as an important negative point. We verified that the biggest difficulties and irregularities are related to the manipulators which don´t follow the rules. Good manufacturing procedures were obtained to increase the quality and the security of foods in the unit, but these must be kept constantly adjusted to the standards. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as mudanças socioeconômicas ocorridas na cidade de Macaé a partir de 1980 e seus efeitos sobre o campo religioso, com foco nos evangélicos e nos sem-religião. A metodologia lança mão de dados quantitativos do IBGE e procura analisar esses dados para ultrapassar uma leitura superficial e avançar na análise desse campo religioso complexo, que está diretamente relacionada à chegada da Petrobras na cidade de Macaé, inaugurando uma nova era na região, com a injeção de (...) capital na cidade. Nesse sentido, percebe-se o desenvolvimento urbano na região ocorreu sob o impacto da multinacional Petrobras, ocasionando a criação de diferentes mercados e oportunidades de investimentos, fazendo com que as instâncias religiosas fossem reorganizadas em uma nova configuração do campo religioso macaense. Para tal argumentação nos basearemos no pensamento social de Danièle Hervieu-Léger, quando reconhece que a modernidade e a urbanização se relacionam diretamente com as mudanças e as novas modulações sociorreligiosas. (shrink)

No espaço midiático, o culto à aparência corporal propaga a imagem de um corpo feminino bonito, jovem e magro. Com relação à mulher que vive no campo, a imagem difundida é de uma mulher alheia aos cuidados com a beleza, “desleixada”. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar a satisfação com a imagem corporal e a influência dos meios de comunicação em mulheres em um assentamento rural de Jataí-Go. Foi aplicado o Body Shape Questionnaire a 25 mulheres e realizada entrevista com (...) oito mulheres. Os resultados indicam que maioria das participantes está satisfeita com a sua imagem corporal, embora afirmem que realizariam algum procedimento cirúrgico para fins estéticos. (shrink)

Accounting firms are reporting the use of Artificial Intelligence in their auditing and advisory functions, citing benefits such as time savings, faster data analysis, increased levels of accuracy, more in-depth insight into business processes, and enhanced client service. AI, an emerging technology that aims to mimic the cognitive skills and judgment of humans, promises competitive advantages to the adopter. As a result, all the Big 4 firms are reporting its use and their plans to continue with this innovation in areas (...) such as audit planning risk assessments, tests of transactions, analytics, and the preparation of audit work-papers, among other uses. As the uses and benefits of AI continue to emerge within the auditing profession, there is a gradual awakening to the fact that unintended consequences may also arise. Thus, we heed to the call of numerous researchers to not only explore the benefits of AI but also investigate the ethical implications of the use of this emerging technology. By combining two futuristic ethical frameworks, we forecast the ethical implications of the use of AI in auditing, given its inherent features, nature, and intended functions. We provide a conceptual analysis of the practical ethical and social issues surrounding AI, using past studies as well as our inferences based on the reported use of the technology by auditing firms. Beyond the exploration of these issues, we also discuss the responsibility for the policy and governance of emerging technology. (shrink)

Effective stress management strategies correlate with improved academic performance in college students, yet inconsistent findings in existing research warrant further investigation. This study explored the intricate interplay between stress levels, coping strategies, and academic achievement in HyFlex learningenvironments. A stratified random sample of 111 students from five specializations within the Bachelor of Secondary Education program participated. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational design, data were collected through validated self-report questionnaires and a weighted general average. Subsequent descriptive statistics and bivariate correlation analysis revealed moderate (...) stress levels among participants who preferred task-oriented coping strategies. Interestingly, a significant positive association was observed between stress levels and academic achievement and emotion-oriented coping strategies, while a negative correlation emerged between stress and task-oriented coping strategies. Avoidance-oriented coping strategies, conversely, displayed a significant negative association with academic success. These findings underscore the crucial role of educational institutions in providing robust support mechanisms for stress management and cultivating a task-focused learning environment to optimize student well-being and academic performance within the HyFlex model. (shrink)

This study explored the experiences of the newly-hired faculty in the university to acquire an in-depth and profound understanding of these experiences. It involved eight purposively chosen faculty in a semi-structured interview and focus group discussion documented in voice and video recorders. Using Colaizzi’s seven step-approach to data analysis, results revealed three paradoxical themes: the joys and struggles of teaching, successes and pains of learning, and the privileges and challenges of serving. On the one hand, the joys and struggles of (...) teaching were brought about by their adjustments in instruction. On the other hand, successes and pains of learning centered on professional growth. Finally, the privileges and challenges of serving incorporated the experiences in research, production, and extension. Generally, these teachers have experienced ups and downs in their first two years of teaching at a higher education institution. On the basis of study findings, implications and recommendations are discussed. (shrink)

This article reflects on the increasing roles of faith-based organisations (FBOs) and individual followers in the provision of health services in Zimbabwe within the context of declining capabilities of state-funded and state-owned health facilities. In colonial and post-colonial Africa in general and Zimbabwe in particular, FBOs have consistently contributed to the provision of public services and social security. We contend that state fragilities in the Zimbabwean political landscape result in severe public service delivery deficits that are often filled by FBOs (...) and individual followers. The implications for FBOs and individual followers are twofold. Firstly, the increased involvement of FBOs in the production and provision of public services such as education and health services afford FBOs with opportunities and spaces to evangelise. Secondly, and on the downward side, the provision of health services can often be expensive and diverts attention from the core business of these religious organisations. The article reveals that in the context of economic and governance crises, FBOs play an increasingly momentous role in providing health care services in Zimbabwe. The article focuses on Zimbabwe during the crisis periods of 2007–2009 and 2018 up to the current (2022) socio-economic and political declines, poor governance, and the subsequent fragilities in the state.Contribution: Faith-based organisations assume increasing roles in the provision of health services in place of failing states. Those increased roles provide FBOs opportunities to evangelise. However, FBOs are not a sustainable replacement because they become afflicted with the same financial challenges that bedevil the state. (shrink)

Perhaps a part of what makes expertise so inspiring to the curious researcher is the possibility of appropriating the structural components of skilled action to draw a roadmap towards their achievement that anyone might be able to follow. Accordingly, the purpose of this essay is to shed light upon the role that creativity plays in the production and environment of skilled action to that foregoing end. In doing so, I suggest that the lessons to be learned from recent empirical research (...) on creativity has much to offer to the cognitive science of skill and expertise. Experts are able to bring their intelligence to bear in controlling fast and seemingly automatic actions by utilizing a form of control often called ‘intelligent automaticity.’ In this spirit, I argue that the environment of intelligently automatic action control curates a similarly ideal environment for the processes of creativity. Moreover, insofar as creativity is ideally operative within the environment of expert action control, I argue further that creativity functions as one representative form of ‘intelligence’ embedded within otherwise fluid, and automatic expert actions. Creativity is able to do so even without conscious representation through the powers of incubated cognition. (shrink)

In this paper, we examine the scientific, legal, and ethical foundations for inclusion of transgender women athletes in competitive sport, drawing on IOC principles and relevant Court of Arbitration for Sport decisions. We argue that the inclusion of trans athletes in competition commensurate with their legal gender is the most consistent position with these principles of fair and equitable sport. Biological restrictions, such as endogenous testosterone limits, are not consistent with IOC and CAS principles. We explore the implications for recognizing (...) that endogenous testosterone values are a ‘natural physical trait’ and that excluding legally recognized women for high endogenous testosterone values constitutes discrimination on the basis of a natural physical trait. We suggest that the justificatory burden for such prima facie discrimination is unlikely to be met. Thus, in place of a limit on endogenous testosterone for women, we argue that ‘legally recognized gender’ is most fully in line with IOC and CAS principles. (shrink)

Ethical and theological concern for nonhuman animals has been a primary characteristic of the neo-Vaiṣṇava movement of Assam, India. This concern is reflected in its strict prohibition of blood sacrifice or any kind of cruelty toward animals. At the same time, theologically, this faith puts all living beings, human and nonhuman, on an equal ontological footing and urges its followers to see God in all creatures. The present article looks at some of these concerns/considerations of this faith for nonhuman animals (...) and, at the same time, also takes into account neo-Vaiṣṇavism's historical backdrop and a few of its inner contradictions. (shrink)

O trabalho investiga a revista O Clarim, produzida pelos alunos de uma escola, em Porto Alegre/RS, entre os anos de 1945 e 1965. A história de O Clarim constitui-se em uma rica documentação de história da educação, pois revela um pouco das representações da cultura juvenil daquele tempo. Aqui interessam os significados da difusão dos discursos difundidos pelo periódico, nos processos de subjetivação provocados pelos textos e suas possíveis influências na construção das identidades daqueles jovens. A pesquisa identifica-se com os (...) pressupostos teóricos da História Cultural e se inscreve no campo das práticas de leitura e escrita e de memórias juvenis, tendo como referenciais as concepções de cultura escrita como uma produção discursiva de um determinado tempo e lugar. (shrink)

Toute relation fraternelle dépend de l’organisation de la famille, du mythe et de l’histoire familiale. En situation d’exil, des éléments supplémentaires entrent en jeu. Ces relations sont étroitement liées aux interactions parents/enfants et à l’étape du cycle de vie de la famille lors de l’arrivée de l’enfant. La migration remet en question l’équilibre des places et des rôles des enfants. Quelle va être la fonction de ceux-ci dans un système recomposé? Quelles sont les modalités de leur investissement dans la survie (...) du système familial? La rencontre avec les familles d’origine étrangère, dans un contexte de recherche, permet d’observer que les fratries se structurent autour de la situation d’exil : entre pays/cultures d’origine et d’accueil. Les exemples cliniques visent à mieux saisir les subtils aménagements à l’intérieur de ces fratries qui permettront de dégager des perspectives de soin. (shrink)

Toute relation fraternelle dépend de l’organisation de la famille, du mythe et de l’histoire familiale. En situation d’exil, des éléments supplémentaires entrent en jeu. Ces relations sont étroitement liées aux interactions parents/enfants et à l’étape du cycle de vie de la famille lors de l’arrivée de l’enfant. La migration remet en question l’équilibre des places et des rôles des enfants. Quelle va être la fonction de ceux-ci dans un système recomposé? Quelles sont les modalités de leur investissement dans la survie (...) du système familial? La rencontre avec les familles d’origine étrangère, dans un contexte de recherche, permet d’observer que les fratries se structurent autour de la situation d’exil : entre pays/cultures d’origine et d’accueil. Les exemples cliniques visent à mieux saisir les subtils aménagements à l’intérieur de ces fratries qui permettront de dégager des perspectives de soin. (shrink)

The author explains key aspects of Spain’s polemical Age of Reason, particularly the uncertain shifts in scientific ideas, the developing confusion of philosophical attitudes, the controversial movements in literary theories, the popular ...

In November 2011, Citizenship and Immigration Canada paused the parents/grandparents (PGP) sponsorship immigration and announced a new Super Visa program simultaneously to facilitate family reunification, specifically among older adults waiting to be reunified with their children in Canada. We conducted a qualitative study to understand the experiences of immigrant families with the Super Visa Program. In total, 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted in Toronto with Chinese immigrants and parents holding a Super Visa. Our findings revealed that Super Visa program is (...) helpful for family reunification, especially for those whose regular visa applications are not successful. However, Super Visa is still a visitor visa and parents/grandparents have to leave after a maximum of two years. This temporary status of their parents does not promote among immigrants a sense of belonging in Canada, but reinforces their feeling of being treated as “foreigner”. They also debunked the stigma that older parents/grandparents come to Canada for better welfare and are non-contributor and a burden to Canadian society. We observe older parents/grandparents are categorized as “undesirable” and their unpaid contributions to immigrant family and Canada society are rendered invisible. We argue there exits an inherent link between PGP policy changes and social injustice. Behind the negative portrayal of older parents/grandparents and policy changes on them is State’s neoliberal governmentality grounded upon market norms and mechanism. The immigration and social injustice inflicting on older PGP migrants manifests that neoliberal immigration regime is still structurally raced, gendered, classed, and may be intertwined with other stigmatizing dynamics such as ageist, ableist etc. within the State’s power relationship. (shrink)

Many employers assess their workforces with gendered and racialized imagery that can put groups of workers and applicants at a disadvantage in the labor market. Based on 78 interviews with white employers in Atlanta, the author reveals that some employers use a complex but widely shared stereo-type of Black working-class women as single mothers to typify members of this group. These employers use this single-mother image to explain why they think Black women are poor workers, why they think Black women (...) are reliable workers, and why they think Blacks are poorly prepared for the labor market. In focusing on these white employers' claims, the author concentrates not on the well-documented out-comes of labor market discrimination, such as differential rates of pay and promotion, but on how employers construct and use the images that may from the basis of it. This is especially relevant amid current attacks on affirmative action programs. (shrink)

On the basis of arguments showing that none of the most influential analyses of Moore's paradox yields a successful resolution of the problem, a new analysis of it is offered. It is argued that, in attempting to render verdicts of either inconsistency or self-contradiction or self-refutation, those analyses have all failed to satisfactorily explain why a Moore-paradoxical proposition is such that it cannot be rationally believed. According to the proposed solution put forward here, a Moore-paradoxical proposition is one for which (...) the believer can have no non-overridden evidence. The arguments for this claim make use of some of Peter Klein's views on epistemic defeasibility. It is further suggested that this proposal may have important meta-epistemological implications. (shrink)

Studies in the psychology of visual expertise have tended to focus on a limited set of expert domains, such as radiology and athletics. Conclusions drawn from these data indicate that experts use parafoveal vision to process images holistically. In this study, we examined a novel, as-of-yet-unstudied class of visual experts—architects—expecting similar results. However, the results indicate that architects, though visual experts, may not employ the holistic processing strategy observed in their previously studied counterparts. Participants (n = 48, 24 architects, 24 (...) naïve) were asked to find targets in chest radiographs and perspective images. All images were presented in both gaze-contingent and normal viewing conditions. Consistent with a holistic processing model, we expected two results: (1) architects would display a greater difference in saccadic amplitude between the gaze- contingent and normal conditions, and (2) architects would spend less time per search than an undergraduate control group. We found that the architects were more accurate in the perspectival task, but they took more time and displayed a lower difference in saccadic amplitude than the controls. Our research indicates a disjunctive conclusion. Either architects are simply different kinds of visual experts than those previously studied, or we have generated a task that employs visual expertise without holistic processing. Our data suggest a healthy skepticism for across-the-board inferences collected from a single domain of expertise to the nature of visual expertise generally. More work is needed to determine whether holism is a feature of all visual expertise. (shrink)

What occurs in the mind of an expert who is performing at their very best? In this paper, I survey the history of debate concerning this question. I suggest that expertise is neither solely a mastery of the automatic nor solely a mastery of intelligence in skilled action control. Experts are also capable of performing automatic actions intelligently. Following this, I argue that unconscious-thought theory (UTT) is a powerful tool in coming to understand the role of executive, intelligent action control (...) in the fluidly automatic performance of expertise. Relying on a body of empirical evidence concerning the cognitive structures and perceptual strategies employed by experts, I show that the realm of skilled action is an ideal environment within which the powers of unconscious cognitive processing can have positive effects on action. I conclude that experts rely upon unconscious thinking in the production of intelligently automatic skilled actions. (shrink)

It’s relatively easy to say that the debates about whether trans and intersex women athletes deserve full and equal inclusion in women’s sport is a contentious contemporary issue. I’ve already argued for the legal, ethical, and scientific basis for full and equal inclusion of trans and intersex women in women’s sport. In this paper, I want to analyze what I take to be a representative selection of recent arguments against full and equal inclusion of trans and intersex women in women’s (...) sport. In short, these arguments tend to be based on mere assumption, unsupported “common sense,” straw arguments, fallacious question begging, and a number of hypotheticals and unsupported counterfactuals rather than established fact. Essentially, they’re based on a lot of “ifs.”. (shrink)

The long history of research and debate surrounding expertise has emphasized the importance of both automaticity and intelligent deliberation in the control of skilled, expert action – and often, their mutual exclusion of one another. To the contrary, recent developments in the cognitive science of skill implicate the likelihood of a third, hybrid line of interpretation and a new path forward. This paper surveys these recent developments, arguing that hybrid models of expertise and skill are the most fruitful way forward (...) in interpreting and conducting research on experts. I categorize a new set of interpretations of skill as ‘sophisticated hybrid models’ owing to the fact that they deny the mutual exclusion of automaticity from intelligent action control. I then argue that this interpretive strategy is the most fruitful way forward to making clear much of the complexity of skilled action and expertise. (shrink)

Neste trabalho nos ocupamos centralmente em compreender a proposta ética de Hans Jonas e como ele apresenta o Princípio Responsabilidade como uma categoria ética a ser norteadora das ações humanas. Apresentamos um breve histórico do desenvolvimento da Filosofia da Tecnologia enquanto uma disciplina filosófica específica e, então, discutimos as principais considerações de Jonas sobre a necessidade de uma ética inteiramente nova que tome a técnica como objeto e a proposta que este apresente de uma ética do futuro pautada na responsabi (...) lidade enquanto princípio. (shrink)

Successful accounts of analogy in law have two burdens to discharge. First, they must reflect the fact that the conclusion of an argument by analogy is a normative claim about how to decide a certain case. Second, they must not fail to accord relevance to the fact that the source case was authoritatively decided in a certain way. We argue in the first half of this paper that the common view of the structure of analogical arguments in law cannot overcome (...) these hurdles. In the second half we develop an original account that aims to succeed where others failed. (shrink)

This paper examines undergraduate business students' perception of corporate social responsibility in cases in which they have not attended any specific course either dealing with CSR or providing training in ethics. A survey was conducted of 535 Spanish business students as future managers. The results show that the stakeholders' perspective deserves a huge attention for those students considering what the keys of business success are. Significant differences in perception were nevertheless identified when a multifactorial analysis was undertaken. Female students are (...) more concerned about CSR issues. The maximization of value for shareholders is less valued by second- and third-year students than by first-year ones. The findings point to a number of important orientations for the future development of university curriculum. (shrink)

There has been considerable debate in legal philosophy about how to attribute purposes to rules. Separately, within cognitive science, there has been a growing body of research concerned with questions about how people ordinarily attribute purposes. Here, we argue that these two separate fields might be connected by experimental jurisprudence. Across four studies, we find evidence for the claim that people use the same criteria to attribute purposes to physical objects and to rules. In both cases, purpose attributions appear to (...) be governed not so much by original intention or by moral value as by current practice. We argue that these findings in the cognitive science of purpose attribution have implications for jurisprudential questions involving purposivist legal interpretation. (shrink)

The 'Gettier Problem' has been central to epistemology since 1963, when Edmund Gettier presented a powerful challenge to the standard analysis of knowledge. Now twenty-six leading philosophers examine the issues that arise from Gettier's challenge, setting the agenda for future work on the central problem of epistemology.

One of the dominant behavioral markers of visual-expert search strategy, Holistic Visual Processing (HVP), suggests that experts process information from a larger region of space in conjunction with a more focused gaze pattern in order to improve search speed and accuracy. To date, extant literature suggests that visual search expertise is domain specific, including HVP and its associated behaviors. The current study is the first to use eye tracking to directly measure the HVP strategies of two expert groups, radiologists and (...) architects, in comparison to one another and a novice control. In doing so, we replicated and extended this prior research: visual expertise is domain specific. However, our eye tracking data indicate that contrary to this prior work, HVP strategies are transferable across domains. Yet, despite the transfer of HVP strategies, there is neither reduced search time nor greater accuracy in visual search outside of an expert’s domain. Therefore, our data suggest that HVP behaviors are a particular form of visual search mechanism that, outside of an expert’s native search-ecology, are not necessarily conducive to more general visual search success. It is in addition to explicit knowledge of an expert’s domain, how to search, and where to search, that HVP strategies are their most effective for visual search success. (shrink)

It is argued, on the basis of new counterexamples, that neither knowledge nor epistemic justification (or epistemic rationality ) can reasonably be thought to be closed under logical implication. The argument includes an attempt to reconcile the fundamental intuitions of the opposing parties in the debate.

This paper discusses the first incarnation of what came to be known as the “Frege-Geach” point. The point was made by Peter Geach in his 1960 essay “Ascriptivism”, and developed in “Assertion”, a 1965 piece. Geach’s articles launch a wholesale attack on theories of non-descriptive performances advanced by “some Oxford philosophers” whom he accuses of ignoring “the distinction between calling a thing ‘P’ and predicating ‘P’ of a thing”. One view that Geach specifically targets is H. L. A. Hart’s claim (...) that sentences of the form “X φ-ed” are not primarily descriptive but ascriptive of responsibility for actions. Hart explicitly accepted Geach’s criticism, and disowned his essay. I argue that he was wrong to do so. Perhaps the essay was worth retracting, but not because of Geach’s objections. I begin by restating and refining Geach’s arguments, in order to bring out the flaw he claimed to have detected in the “pattern of philosophising” that he took Hart’s essay to exemplify. I go on to argue that Geach’s original point poses no obstacle either to non-descriptivism in general, or to Hart’s sui generis non-descriptivist claim in particular. (shrink)

Review & Reply. Review of Gonçalves, R.T. (tr.) Lucrécio. Sobre a Natureza das Coisas(2021).

Este artigo parte do entendimento de que a cientificidade na pedagogia exigiu desta área do conhecimento suprimir a experiência como elemento vital da formação do homem, enquanto elevava a comprovação e regularidade do experimento ao patamar de destaque nos seus processos. A partir desta consideração, pretende-se tratar da transformação do conceito de experiência no campo educativo. Inicialmente, abordam-se as questões relacionadas à terminologia e significação do conceito “experiência” e sua possível transformação em “experimento”, e os desdobramentos dessa transição no campo (...) pedagógico. Na sequência, analisa-se a transformação do valor da experiência que passa a ser reconhecida enquanto experimento científico aplicado à pedagogia. Para tanto, apresenta-se, a partir da leitura da literatura educacional especializada, sobretudo os manuais dedicados à formação de professores, como é abordada a temática da Pedagogia Científica, ou seja, a construção dos discursos acerca da modernização da educação por meio de obras que apresentaram expressiva circulação no Brasil durante século XX. Dentre os resultados foi possível apreender o estabelecimento de uma pedagogia do experimento, ou, em outros termos, uma biopsicopedagogia como modelo estruturante do campo teórico da pedagogia com repercussão na formação de professores, e na predominância da problemática do ensino e da aprendizagem, ou seja, a intervenção metodológica em detrimento da formação integral do homem. Por fim, chega-se à conclusão de que se está, de um lado, diante dos impeditivos de realização da experiência e, de outro lado, diante de uma demanda, cada vez mais presente, de romper com o modelo pedagógico da modernidade, rumo aos novos desafios da educação de um homem que não se deixa mais ser, simplesmente, formado. Palavras-chave: Experiência. Experimento. Educação. Pedagogia. (shrink)

This article develops a conceptual framework for regulating Artificial Intelligence (AI) that encompasses all stages of modern public policy-making, from the basics to a sustainable governance. Based on a vast systematic review of the literature on Artificial Intelligence Regulation (AIR) published between 2010 and 2020, a dispersed body of knowledge loosely centred around the “framework” concept was organised, described, and pictured for better understanding. The resulting integrative framework encapsulates 21 prior depictions of the policy-making process, aiming to achieve gold-standard societal (...) values, such as fairness, freedom and long-term sustainability. This challenge of integrating the AIR literature was matched by the identification of a structural common ground among different approaches. The AIR framework results from an effort to identify and later analytically deduce synthetic, and generic tool for a country-specific, stakeholder-aware analysis of AIR matters. Theories and principles as diverse as Agile and Ethics were combined in the “AIR framework”, which provides a conceptual lens for societies to think collectively and make informed policy decisions related to what, when, and how the uses and applications of AI should be regulated. Moreover, the AIR framework serves as a theoretically sound starting point for endeavours related to AI regulation, from legislation to research and development. As we know, the (potential) impacts of AI on society are immense, and therefore the discourses, social negotiations, and applications of this technology should be guided by common grounds based on contemporary governance techniques, and social values legitimated via dialogue and scientific research. (shrink)

Gender affects us, but we also affect gender. This study reveals some of the ways women in two types of occupations—furniture sales and secretarial—shape the system of gender. As they struggle to define their identities within a segregated occupational structure, these women evoke notions of their differences from men and from other women, as well as their similarities to each group, in ways that are consistent with feminist theoretical positions on these issues. I argue that the ways these women define (...) themselves have consequences for the shape of the system of gender. Many women inadvertently reinforce gender either by upholding traditional gender categories or by devaluing women. Yet some women create a powerful opportunity to dismantle gender by appreciating the work women have done and aligning themselves with these women to break out of staid gender categories. (shrink)

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar as diferentes posturas didático-pedagógicas dos professores pré-serviço de língua inglesa, quando tiveram que criar tarefas utilizando diferentes artefatos de ensino (tecnologias). A necessidade de se usar a tecnologia como recurso para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de língua estrangeira, vem proporcionando a realização de trabalhos invest-igativos concernentes a observação de formas apropriadas para utilizá-la na educação. Warschauer e Healey (1998) e Nardi (1996) defendem que a inserção dos computadores e da internet no processo de ensino-aprendizagem (...) de línguas estrangeiras está proporcionando melhor condição de trabalho, bem como, uma formação adequada aos sujeitos envolvidos com a educação. Desta forma, pesquisar sobre a inserção do computador e da internet, como recurso de material didático (apoio) tendo como base os preceitos da Teoria da Atividade (Engestrom, 1987), nos permite compreender as alterações no sistema de atividade a partir dos diferentes artefatos utilizados. Tendo como contexto de pesquisa o curso de letras de uma universidade federal, os dados foram coletados por meio de observações das aulas de metodologia. A análise dos dados mostrou que na tentativa de se criar tarefas pedagógicas, utilizando diferentes artefatos de ensino, o professor pré-serviço desenvolveu práticas diferentes. (shrink)

El pensamiento metafísico es factor de equilibrio ontológico para el hombre, pues él busca, dentro de sí mismo, un ser absoluto que sea su causa, así como también causa de todos los seres. La “muerte” de la metafísica de la causalidad, con Kant, propició la transferencia de este Absoluto a una obligación moral, cuya legisladora sería una buena voluntad subjetiva, introduciendo el relativismo en el pensamiento humano y generando, a lo largo del tiempo, una crisis ético antropológica y la pérdida (...) de la auténtica trascendencia. ¿Sería el rescate de la metafísica una respuesta transcendental a la crisis del hombre contemporáneo? (shrink)